Ceramic technology: the air bubble defect in sanitaryware production

Air bubbles are not only one of the most common defects in ceramic sanitaryware production, they are also one of the most difficult to control given the numerous factors that contribute to their formation.

Small air bubbles may occur in isolation or in groups and in many different positions given that the position often depends on the cause of the defect. Air bubble defects may have many different causes, often occurring simultaneously.

The following article describes a list of the main causes categorised according to type of defect and the action that needs to be taken.

• Read the article published on Ceramic World Review 118/2016